Avaliação da sustentabilidade do ciclo de vida de módulos fotovoltaicos

Uma comparação entre as tecnologias monocristallino e filme fino de CdTe

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24979/ambiente.v1i1.933

Palavras-chave:

Sustentabilidade, Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida, Energia solar, Módulos fotovoltaicos

Resumo

Sob o ponto de vista da sustentabilidade, a atual transição energética rumo as fontes renováveis de energia deve atender, além dos predominantes critérios econômicos, critérios de relevância social e prudência ecológica. Dentro deste contexto, o presente artigo avalia a sustentabilidade do ciclo de vida de duas tecnologias solar fotovoltaica. Para isto, emprega a Avaliação da Sustentabilidade do Ciclo de Vida (ASCV) com o intuito de comparar os desempenhos ambiental, social e econômico de módulos fotovoltaicos monocristalino (mono-Si) e de filme fino de telureto de cádmio (CdTe), segundo um total de seis critérios, sendo um par atribuído a cada dimensão da sustentabilidade: qualidade do ecossistema, aquecimento global, longevidade e saúde humana, equidade intergeracional, período de retorno do investimento e custo nivelado de energia. Nesta análise, foram consideradas as etapas de extração e processamento de matérias-primas, produção de materiais, montagem dos módulos fotovoltaicos, atividades de transportes necessárias à importação, operação e fim de vida dos módulos fotovoltaicos. Segundo os resultados obtidos, a tecnologia de filme fino de CdTe se revelou como a opção de melhor desempenho em termos de sustentabilidade, sendo destaque nas dimensões ambiental e social. Por outro lado, a opção de mono-Si obteve um desempenho superior entre os critérios econômicos.

Downloads

Os dados de download ainda não estão disponíveis.

Referências

ARDENTE, Fulvio; CELLURA, Maurizio; LONGO, Sonia; MISTRETTA, Marina. Life Cycle Assessment of Solar Technologies. In: DEWULF, J; MEESTER, S; ALVARENGA, R (eds.). Sustainability Assessment of Renewables-Based Products. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, 2015. p. 241-258.

BIANCHINI, Augusto; GAMBUTI, Michele; PELLEGRINI, Marco; SACCANI, Cesare. Performance analysis and economic assessment of different photovoltaic technologies based on experimental measurements. Renewable Energy, v. 85, p. 1-11, 2016.

BLAIR, Nate; DOBOS, Aron P; FREEMAN, Janine; NEISES, Ty; WAGNER, Michael; FERGUSON, Tom; GILMAN, Paul; JANZOU, Steven. System advisor model, SAM. NREL Report No. TP-6A20-61019, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, no. February, 2014.

BORTOLINI, Camille. A guerra das terras-raras vai acontecer? – Mineração estratégica no coração do conflito comercial sino-americano. Le Monde Diplomatique, n. 157, São Paulo, 2020. Disponível em: https://diplomatique.org.br/a-guerra-das-terras-raras-vai-acontecer/.

BRASIL. Balanço Energético Nacional 2019. Empresa de Pesquisa Energética, 2020. Disponível em: https://www.epe.gov.br/sites-pt/publicacoes-dados-abertos/publicacoes/PublicacoesArquivos/publicacao-479/topico-528/BEN2020_sp.pdf.

CUCCHIELLA, Federica; D’ADAMO, Idiano; ROSA, Paolo. End-of-Life of used photovoltaic modules: A financial analysis. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v. 47, p. 18-31, 2015.

EC-JCR. International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD) Handbook - General guide for Life Cycle Assessment - Detailed guidance. EUR 24378 EM. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2010. Disponível em: https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/publication/eur-scientific-and-technical-research-reports/international-reference-life-cycle-data-system-ilcd-handbook-general-guide-life-cycle.

ELKINGTON, John. Cannibals with forks: The triple bottom line of sustainability. Gabriola Island, BC; Stony Creek, CT: New Society Publishers, 1998.

FRISCHKNECHT, Rolf; JUNGBLUTH, Niels; ALTHAUS, Hans-jörg; DOKA, Gabor; DONES, Roberto; HECK, Thomas; HELLWEG, Stefanie; HISCHIER, Roland; NEMECEK, Thomas; REBITZER, Gerald; SPIELMANN, Michael; WERNET, Gregor. Ecoinvent Centre. Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories. Ecoinvent: Overview and Methodology. Ecoinvent Report No. 1, 2007. Disponível em: https://www.ecoinvent.org/files/200712_frischknecht_jungbluth_overview_methodology_ecoinvent2.pdf.

HOROWITZ, Kelsey A.W.; FU, Ran; WOODHOUSE, Michael. An analysis of glass-glass CIGS manufacturing costs. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, v. 154, p. 1-10, 2016.

HUNKELER, David; LICHTENVORT, Kerstin; REBITZER, Gerald. Environmental Life Cycle Costing. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2008.

IEA. World Energy Outlook 2020. International Energy Agency, 2020.

ISO. ISO 14040: Environmental Management - Life Cycle Assessment - Principles and Framework. International Organization for Standardization, 2006a.

ISO. ISO 14044: Environmental management - Life Cycle Assessement - Requirements and Guidelines. International Organization for Standardization, 2006b.

JOLLIET, Olivier; MARGNI, Manuele; CHARLES, Raphaël; HUMBERT, Sébastien; PAYET, Jérôme; REBITZER, Gerald; ROSENBAUM, Ralph. IMPACT 2002+: A New Life Cycle Impact Assessment Methodology. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, v. 8, n. 6, 324, 2003.

JORDAN, Dirk; KURTZ, Sarah. Photovoltaic degradation rates - An Analytical Review. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, v. 21, n. 1, p. 12-29, 2013.

KAPLAN, Matthew; SANCHEZ, Mariano; HOFFMAN, Jaco. Intergenerational Strategies for Sustaining Strong Communities. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017.

KLOEPFFER, Walter. Life cycle sustainability assessment of products. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, v. 13, n. 2, p. 89–95, 13 Mar. 2008.

LAURENT, Alexis; ESPINOSA, Nieves; HAUSCHILD, Michael Z. LCA of Energy Systems. In: HAUSCHILD, M; ROSENBAUM, R; OLSEN, S (eds.). Life Cycle Assessment: Theory and Practice. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. p. 633–668.

LI, Tianqi; ROSKILLY, Anthony Paul; WANG, Yaodong. Life cycle sustainability assessment of grid-connected photovoltaic power generation: A case study of Northeast England. Applied Energy, v. 227, p. 465–479, Oct. 2018.

LIU, Xiaowei; KENT HOEKMAN, S.; ROBBINS, Curt; ROSS, Peter. Lifecycle climate impacts and economic performance of commercial-scale solar PV systems: A study of PV systems at Nevada’s Desert Research Institute (DRI). Solar Energy, v. 119, p. 561-572, 2015.

MARWEDE, Max; RELLER, Armin. Future recycling flows of tellurium from cadmium telluride photovoltaic waste. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, v. 69, p. 35-49, 2012.

MOLTESEN, Andreas; BJØRN, Anders. LCA and sustainability. In: HAUSCHILD, M; ROSENBAUM, R; OLSEN, S (eds.). Life Cycle Assessment: Theory and Practice. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. p. 43-55.

PAVLOVIC, Tomislav; TSANKOV, Plamen Ts.; CEKIĆ, Nikola Dj.; RADONJIĆ MITIĆ, Ivana S. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion. In: PAVLOVIC, T (eds.). The Sun and Photovoltaic Technologies. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. p. 45–193.

PITRON, Guillaume. La guerre des métaux rares: La face cachée de la transition énergétique et numérique. Paris: Les Liens Qui Libèrent, 2018.

POORTMANS, Jef; ARKHIPOV, Vladimir. Thin Film Solar Cells Fabrication, Characterization and Applications. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, 2006.

RAMOS, Camila; RUIZ, Eduardo Tobias Neme Fernandes; BICALHO, Fábio Weikert; BARBOSA, Juliana Moraes; BARROS, Luísa Valentim; RABASSA, Marília Martins Múffalo. Cadeia de Valor da Energia Solar Fotovoltaica no Brasil. Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas (SEBRAE), 2018. Disponível em: https://www.sebrae.com.br/Sebrae/Portal%20Sebrae/Anexos/estudo%20energia%20fotovoltáica%20-%20baixa.pdf.

RICHHARIYA, Geetam; KUMAR, Anil; SAMSHER. Solar cell technologies. In: GORJIAN, S; SHUKLA, A (eds.). Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion. London: Elsevier, 2020. p. 27–50.

RÖDGER, Jan-Markus; KJÆR, Louise Laumann; PAGOROPOULOS, Aris. Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction. In: HAUSCHILD, H; ROSENBAUM, R; OLSEN, S (eds.). Life Cycle Assessment: Theory and Practice. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. p. 373–399.

SANTOYO-CASTELAZO, Edgar; AZAPAGIC, Adisa. Sustainability assessment of energy systems: Integrating environmental, economic and social aspects. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 80, p. 119–138, 2014.

SMETS, Arno HM; JÄGER, Klaus; ISABELLA, Olindo; SWAAIJ, René ACMM van; ZEMAN, Miro. Solar Energy: The physics and engineering of photovoltaic conversion, technologies and systems. Cambridge: UIT Cambridge, 2016.

STOLZ, Philppe; FRISCHKNECHT, Rolf; WAMBACH, Karsten; SINHA, Parikhit; HEATH, Garvin. Life cycle assessment of current photovoltaic module recycling. Report IEA-PVPS T12-13:2018. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 2017. https://iea-pvps.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Life_Cycle_Assesment_of_Current_Photovoltaic_Module_Recycling_by_Task_12.pdf.

SUNDARAM, Senthilarasu; BENSON, David; MALLICK, Tapas Kumar. Solar Photovoltaic Technology Production: Potential Environmental Impacts and Implications for Governance. London: Academic Press, 2016.

TIWARI, G. N.; TIWARI, Arvind; SHYAM. Handbook of Solar Energy: Theory, Analysis and Applications. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016.

TRAVERSO, Marzia; ASDRUBALI, Francesco; FRANCIA, Annalisa; FINKBEINER, Matthias. Towards life cycle sustainability assessment: an implementation to photovoltaic modules. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, v. 17, n. 8, p. 1068–1079, 16 Sep. 2012.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY. U.S. Department of Energy: Critical materials strategy. 2012. Disponível em: https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/piprod/documents/cms_dec_17_full_web.pdf.

UNEP/SETAC LIFE CYCLE INITIATIVE. Guidelines for Social Life Cycle Assessment of Products. 2009. Disponível em: https://www.lifecycleinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/2009%20-%20Guidelines%20for%20sLCA%20-%20EN.pdf.

VAN SARK, Wilfried; REINDERS, Angèle; VERLINDEN, Pierre; FREUNDLICH, Alexandre. Photovoltaic Solar Energy From Fundamentals to Applications. Technological Learning in the Energy Sector, v. 5, 2017.

Downloads

Publicado

31/08/2021

Como Citar

Avaliação da sustentabilidade do ciclo de vida de módulos fotovoltaicos: Uma comparação entre as tecnologias monocristallino e filme fino de CdTe. Ambiente: Gestão e Desenvolvimento, [S. l.], v. 1, n. 1, 2021. DOI: 10.24979/ambiente.v1i1.933. Disponível em: https://periodicos.uerr.edu.br/index.php/ambiente/article/view/933. Acesso em: 23 nov. 2024.

Artigos Semelhantes

61-70 de 325

Você também pode iniciar uma pesquisa avançada por similaridade para este artigo.